Important Questions of Software Engineering (R2322055) --- Five Units

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Exercise-1

Database Management Systems Lab

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SOFTWARE ENGINEERING :- Material

R23 JNTUK II CSE II Semester : SOFTWARE ENGINEERING

MATERIAL : UNIT-1   Download

Database Management Systems Lab Syllabus

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R23 JNTUK II B. Tech CSE ADS&AA Essay mark Important questions

 Advanced Data Structures And Algorithm Analysis Download

Advanced Data Structures and Algorithm Analysis

	Important Questions (Short Answer)	Download

Object Oriented Programming through JAVA

Unit- I Material

Part - II

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IT Workshop Lab

Microsoft Word

Microsoft Word is a word processing program that allows for the creation of both simple and complex documents. Sometimes called Winword, MS Word, or Word, Microsoft Word is a word processor published by Microsoft. It is one of the office productivity applications included in the Microsoft Office suite. Originally developed by Charles Simonyi and Richard Brodie in 1983.

Microsoft Word is available for Microsoft Windows, Apple macOS, Android, and Apple iOS. It can also run on the Linux operating system using Wine (WINE is not an emulator).

What is Microsoft Word used for?

Microsoft Word lets you create professional-quality documents, reports, letters, and résumés. Unlike a plain text editor, Microsoft Word has features including spell check, grammar check, text and font formatting, HTML (hypertext markup language) support, image support, advanced page layout, and more.

How many lines are there on a page in Microsoft Word?

By default, there are 29 lines on one page in Microsoft Word.

What type of files can Microsoft Word create and use?

Early versions of Microsoft Word primarily created and used the .doc file extension, while newer versions of Word create and use the .docx file extension.

The Latest versions of Microsoft Word support the creation and opening of these types of files: .doc, .docm, .docx .dot, .dotm, .dotx .htm, .html .mht, .mhtml .odt .pdf .rtf .txt .wps .xps .xml

Why use Word instead of a plain-text editor?

Microsoft Word offers many features not found in a traditional text editor or a plain-text file. Some advantages include changing the formatting (e.g., center), editing the font type, size, and color, inserting pictures, and more.

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DBMS Mid -II important Questions

1) Expalin about various constraints in ER-model?

2) Differentiate between specialization and generalization with ER-diagram.

3) Define Normalization?Explain 1NF,2NF,3NF with examples.

4) Define Funtion dependency?And explain it’s types with examples?

5) Explain different types of locks used in Concurrecy Control.

6) Construct B+ tree with the elements of 2,4,7,10,17,21,28?

7) Explain about the serializability concept?

8) Define 2PL? Explain the concept of 2PL?

9) Describe about the multilevel indexing with examples?

DBMS MATERIAL

UNIT- III

Entity Relationship Model ---[ Download ]

UNIT - IV

Normalization ---[ Download ]

UNIT - V

Transaction Management & Indexing---[ Download ]

DBMS IMPORTANT QUESTION ( UNITS 3,4 & 5 )

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Lab Experiments

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DBMS Lab (List of Experiments)

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DBMS Lab Exercise - 3

DBMS Second Experiment

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DBMS Notes (R20)

UNIT 1 (JNTUK - R20)

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R20 JNTUK Database Management Systems Lab ( Exercise - 1 )

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Ethernet History

 Ethernet

 History of Ethernet

·     At the beginning of the 1970s, Ethernet was developed over several years from ALOHA net from the University of Hawaii. Then, a test was performed, which was peaked with a scientific paper in 1976, and published by Metcalfe together with David Boggs. Late in 1977, a patent on this technology was filed by Xerox Corporation.

·      The Ethernet as a standard was established by companies Xerox, Intel, and Digital Equipment Corporation (DEC); first, these companies were combined to improve Ethernet in 1979, and then published the first standard in 1980. Other technologies, including CSMA/CD protocol, were also developed with the help of this process, which later became known as IEEE 802.3. This process also led to creating a token bus (802.4) and token ring (802.5).

·         In 1983, the IEEE technology became standard, and before 802.11, 802.3 was born. Many modern PCs started to include Ethernet cards on the motherboard, as due to the invention of single-chip Ethernet controllers; the Ethernet card became very inexpensive. Consequently, the use of Ethernet networks in the workplace began by some small companies but still used with the help of telephone-based four-wire lines.

·         Until the early 1990s, creating the Ethernet connection through twisted pair and fiber optic cables was not established. That led to the development of the 100 MB/s standard in 1995.

What is Ethernet? 

• Ethernet is a type of communication protocol that is created at Xerox PARC in 1973 by Robert Metcalfe and others,

• Which connects computers on a network over a wired connection 

• It is a widely used LAN protocol, which is also known as Alto Aloha Network. 

• It connects computers within the local area network and wide area network.        

•  Numerous devices like printers and laptops can be connected by LAN and WAN within buildings, homes, and even small neighborhoods.

• Ethernet is classified into two categories

1.    Classical Ethernet

2.    Switched Ethernet

 Classical Ethernet: Classic Ethernet is the original form of Ethernet that provides data rates between 3 to 10 Mbps. The Ethernet has data rate is 10Mbps called as DIX standard Ethernet. It comprises of an Ethernet medium composed of a long piece of coaxial cable. Stations can be connected to the coaxial cable using a card called the network interface (NI). The NIs are responsible for receiving and transmitting data through the network.

 

The classical Ethernet can be divided into four categories

1.    10 base – 5

2.    10 base – 2

3.    10 base – T

4.    10 base - F

1.    Thick coax (10BASE-5): This was the original version that used a single coaxial cable into which a connection can be tapped by drilling into the cable to the core. The 5 refers to the maximum segment length of 500m.

2.    Thin coax (10BASE-2): This is a thinner variety where segments of coaxial cables are connected by BNC connectors. The 2 refers to the maximum segment length of about 200m (185m to be precise).

3.    Twisted pair (10BASE-T): This uses unshielded twisted pair copper wires as physical layer medium.

4.    Ethernet over Fiber (10BASE-F): This uses fiber optic cables as medium of transmission.

  2. Switched Ethernet

 

Switched Ethernet: It is the updated of classical Ethernet. In switched Ethernet, the hub connecting the stations of the classic Ethernet is replaced by a switch. The switch connects the high-speed backplane bus to all the stations in the LAN

 

•  Switched Ethernet gives dedicated 10 Mbps bandwidth on each of its ports.
• On each of the ports, one can connect either a thick/thin segment or a computer.
• In Switched Ethernet, the collision domain is separated.
• The hub replaced by a switch, which functions as a fast bridge.
• It can recognize the destination address of the received frame and can forward the frame to the port to which the destination station is connected.
• The other ports not involved in the transmission process.
• The switch can receive another frame from another station at the same time and can route this frame to its own final destination.
• In this case, both the physical and logical topologies are the star.
• The throughput can further increased on switched Ethernet by using the full-duplex technique, which uses separate wire pairs for transmitting and receiving.

Advantages of Ethernet

• It is not much costly to form an Ethernet network. As compared to other systems of connecting computers, it is relatively inexpensive.
• Ethernet network provides high security for data as it uses firewalls in terms of data security.
• Also, the Gigabit network allows the users to transmit data at a speed of 1-100Gbps.
• In this network, the quality of the data transfer does maintain.
• In this network, administration and maintenance are easier.
• The latest version of gigabit ethernet and wireless ethernet have the potential to transmit data at the speed of 1-100Gbps.

Disadvantages of Ethernet

• The wired Ethernet network restricts you in terms of distances, and it is best for using in short distances.
• If you create a wired Ethernet network that needs cables, hubs, switches, routers, they increase the cost of installation.
• Data needs quick transfer in an interactive application, as well as data is very small.
• In Ethernet network, any acknowledge is not sent by receiver after accepting a packet.
• If you are planning to set up a wireless Ethernet network, it can be difficult if you have no experience in the network field.
• Comparing with the wired Ethernet network, wireless network is not more secure.
• The full-duplex data communication mode is not supported by the 100Base-T4 version.
• Additionally, finding a problem is very difficult in an Ethernet network (if has), as it is not easy to determine which node or cable is causing the problem.